The branch of surgery that deals with the musculoskeletal system is termed as Orthopaedic Surgery or Orthopaedics.  The treatment can be both surgical and nonsurgical depending upon the need of the situation. Orthopedic diseases involve sports injuries, tumours, congenital diseases and spine diseases. 

The major developments in orthopedics took place during the wartime in the battlefields where bandages were being used for the first time along with the blood of some animals which got tough on hardening and that acted as a splint and formed the basis of orthopedic surgery. Best orthopedic surgeon in India is available for making perfect treatment.

One requires completing a training of four years for becoming an orthopedics along with four years of medical schooling. There are options for an orthopedic surgeon to perform further and enhanced studies if they desire to do so. The bones are the constitutional building blocks in building the structure of the human body based on which our human body gets a shape. A problem may it be minor or severe related to the bone of an individual leads to orthopedic diseases. The common areas where we get wear and tear of bones are:

• Hand
• Foot and Ankle
• Shoulder and Elbow
• And various joint of our body such as fingers, toes, wrist etc.

There is specialization in various parts too like Arthroplasty which is total joint reconstruction and there is musculoskeletal oncology. To add to this there are Paediatric orthopaedic which deals with bone diseases of children and kids.

The surgery and their specialty may not be as it exactly specifies. For example, spine surgery is practiced by some of the neurosurgeons too but it comes under orthopedics. Radiography is a test that is performed by surgeons to detect fractures in bones. The result of which decides in which direction the analysis should proc. There are implants in the surgery when some bones are completely damaged and are getting decayed at a very fast rate than its growth. Along with Radiography, X -Rays are also used to detect the fracture point as it gives us a clear picture of the bone and the fracture points.

There are various operation and surgeries performed by the orthopedics some of them include:

1. Knee replacement
2. Distal Clavicle Excision
3. Carpel Tunnel Release
4. Trochanteric fracture repair
5. Laminectomy
6. Lumbar Spinal Fusion
7. Shoulder arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is the surgery that involves replacement or repair with minimally invasive technique over the cartilage and the ligaments. Because of its recovery and quick action involved it is preferred and performed by surgeons all over the world. The basic feature of this surgery involves replacement, remodelling and realignment of the artificial surface over the musculoskeletal joints.

Conclusion: As per epidemiology, there had been issues related to spine and backbones in the teenagers and the young folks due to incorrect postures and unhealthy living conditions which leads up to many issues and causes related to Spinal fusion and Vertebrae replacement surgeries.